Methods and apparatus are provided for measuring component concentration in a liquid containing relatively large particles and relatively small particles. The invention may be utilized for measuring fat and casein concentrations in a dairy product, but is not limited to such use. A polarized light beam (112) is directed through a scattering cell (120) having first and second windows (122, 124) and containing a sample of the liquid. A normal to an exterior surface of the second window (124) of the scattering cell (120) is at or near Brewster's angle with respect to the light beam (112) to reduce or eliminate reflections. A first light detector, positioned at an angle of about 5 degree to about 45 degree with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a first component of the liquid, such as fat particles. A second light detector, positioned at an angle of about 130 degree to about 160 degree with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a second component of the liquid, such as casein particles. When the liquid is a dairy product, the detector signals are representative of fat and casein concentrations. Component concentrations of a dairy product may be measured without requiring the use of a chemical diluent.
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