Paste material for electrochemical components for batteries, fuel cells, solar cells or sensors comprises mixture of polymer matrix, electrochemically activatable inorganic liquid and optional inert powder

摘要

Paste material for use in electrochemical components comprises a heterogeneous mixture of (A) a matrix containing organic polymer(s) or their precursor(s) or prepolymer(s), (B) electrochemically activatable, essentially inorganic liquid which is essentially a non-solvent for (A) and optionally (C) a solid powder which is inert towards (B). Independent claims are also included for (a) a self-supporting layer or a layer on a substrate, comprising a heterogeneous mixture of a polymer matrix as in (A), liquid (B) and optionally solid (C); (b) a laminate with electrical properties, comprising (1) a flexible layer containing an organic polymer and a suitable positive electrode material, (2) a layer as in (a), in which the liquid (B) is a substance with electrolyte properties and (3) a flexible layer containing an organic polymer and a negative electrode material; (c) a similar laminate comprising (1) a layer as in (a) in which liquid (B) is a material suitable for use as a cathode or an anode, (2) a flexible layer containing solid electrolytes embedded in an organic polymer matrix and (3) a flexible layer containing liquid or solid electrode material embedded in a polymer matrix, which can act as counter-electrode for layer (1); (d) a process for the production of paste material as above by mixing a crosslinkable prepolymer with components (B) and optionally (C); (e) another process in which (A) is mixed with a plasticizers and optionally powder (C), the plasticizers is leached out with a suitable solvent, the solvent is removed and liquid (B) is then added; (f) a process for the production of layers as in (a) from a paste in which matrix (A) consists of a polymer or prepolymer which is then crosslinked by irradiation (with light or electron beam radiation), heating or immersion in chemical crosslinking agents; (g) another process for the production of layers (a), in which a paste is made from (A), a plasticizer, solvent or swelling agent and optionally (C), the paste is converted into the required layer form, solidified by evaporation of the solvent etc., washed with a solvent to remove the plasticizer and immersed in liquid (B) so as to fill the pores thus formed; (h) a process for the production of laminates as in (b), in which the paste materials for each layer are applied to a substrate, preferably by a compression method, and the layers are then converted into their final compacted state.