The process for effecting exploration and analysis of the structure of an object (O) comprises the transmission of at least one wave into the structure, and the reception of the waves reflected by the structure. The reflections are detected by a number of independent detectors (D1 - Dn) and memorised, after digitisation of the information supplied by the detection elements, in a field memory (MC). For each point (Pij) on the object (O), the positions occupied in the field memory by the signals detected by the detectors (D1 - Dn) are calculated. A series of values in the memory are then added and a value (Vp) determined to indicate the relative weighting of the wave emanating from the point (Pij). This is obtained by multiplying the resultant of the addition by a correction factor (K).
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