An optical spectral coding scheme for fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (FO-CDMA) networks. The spectral coding is based on the pseudo-orthogonality of FO-CDMA codes properly written in the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) devices. For an incoming broadband optical signal, the designed Bragg wavelengths of the FBG will be reflected and spectrally coded with the written FO-CDMA address codes. Maximal-length sequence codes (M-sequence codes) are chosen as the signature or address codes to exemplify the coding and correlation processes in the FO-CDMA system. By assigning the N cyclic shifts of an M-sequence code vector to N users, the invention achieves an FO-CDMA network that can support N simultaneous users. The FO-CDMA encoding/decoding devices consist of a series of FBGs. To overcome the impact of multiple-access interference (MAI) on the performance of the FO-CDMA system, the FBG decoder is configured on the basis of orthogonal correlation functions of the nearly orthogonal M-sequence codes.
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