The invention provides a device for detecting sub-micromolar concentrations of substances that interact with proteins having nucleic acid transcription regulatory activity. The device comprises an electrode having a surface bound by proteins having nucleic acid transcription regulatory activity. Interaction of the protein with a substance induces a conformational change in the protein, resulting in generation of a signal by the device. The invention also provides methods of detecting substances that interact with proteins having nucleic acid transcription regulatory activity as well as methods of identifying active sites of proteins having nucleic acid transcription regulatory activity.
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