The present invention is directed to the deletion of the RS1 sequence position of the cholera toxin core DNA and the cholera toxin position, and further to confer immunogenicity to the DNA specifying the mercury resistance, the DNA specifying the cholera toxin B subunit, or the reinserted chromosome. Non-toxic Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype (CVD111) and non-O1 serotype (CVD112, CVD112RM) strains, which are made in part thereof. The present invention also relates to methods of making the above non-toxic Vibrio cholerae O1 serotypes and non-O1 serotypes, and to cholera vaccines using these strains.
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