Brief description of the waste materials, industrial and / or household and installation for the treatment of industrial waste materials, and / or household

摘要

The waste is loaded into a number of containers with holes and the waste in the containers (20) is incinerated as they pass in convoy through a furnace (12). The products from this incineration undergo one or more further treatments. The containers with holes are shaped to roll themselves into the furnace under gravity Before incineration, the waste is dried in the containers in convoy in a dryer (11) heated by the residual heat from the means of heating the incinerator. Part of the gases from the incineration are recycled as fuel to obtain the necessary incineration temperature and/or feed an energy recovery unit (4). The incineration gases are evacuated in pipes (102, 103) whose temperature is controlled by heating or cooling the pipes to avoid the escape of polluting gases. The temperature in the pipes is maintained at between 272 and 357 deg C. Part of the pollutants in the gas are lost in contact with filters or active carbon absorbers in the flow in or after the incinerator. The filters are motor elements (21) containing active carbon and ensuring the rotation of the containers by a racking system. After incineration the solids in the containers and/or the active carbon are washed by passing through a liquid bath (13). After incineration the waste is treated by separating the carbonated solids from the metals, minerals or metal oxides by gravity in a separation bath (18); pumping the carbonated solids in the separation basin and filtering the carbonated solids in a band filter (19) to bring water to ion exchange resins (190). The carbonated solids or the active carbon after filtration of the incineration gas is crushed, mixed and floated on a basin of liquid (230) to agglomerate the carbon with a grease on the surface and collect ashes containing heavy metals at the bottom. Alternatively, the carbonated solids or the active carbon after filtration is contained in a dissolving vessel (211) of supercritical gas, applying temperature and pressure so the separation gas reaches the supercritical state and thus dissolves the caron present in the elements to be treated and leaves a deposit of polluting ash. The supercritical gas is then evacuated and expanded below supercritical conditions so the carbon is deposited as a solid. The gas used is carbon dioxide at a pressure above 73 bar and a temperature above 31 deg C.The ashes containing pollutants are treated by a supercritical liquid chosen to oxidize the metals or degrade the pollutants, in particular by mixing with water and pressurising to 221 bars and 374 deg C. Installation to carry out the above process, with the dryer, the furnace and the dechlorination basin placed in three tunnels, one under the other, interconnected by piston lifts carrying the containers from one tunnel to the next.