A three-dimensional photonic crystal add-drop filter apparatus has a three-dimensional photonic crystal, a first waveguide for transmitting light having a frequency within a bandgap of the three-dimensional photonic crystal, and a second waveguide. A resonant cavity couples the light in the first waveguide to the second waveguide for extracting at least one wavelength of the light transmitted in the first waveguide and redirecting the extracted light to the second waveguide. The apparatus has a full three-dimensional bandgap and thus does not require total internal reflection to confine the light as is required in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. The waveguides can be made single mode such that only one polarization is allowed to propagate thus avoiding mixing of the two polarizations.
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