CONSTRUCTION-HEAT INSULATION, ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE POLYSTYRENE-CONCRETE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND METHOD OF ERECTING HEAT-EFFECTIVE PROTECTING STRUCTURES OF BUILDINGS THEREFROM ACCORDING TO 'UNIKON' SYSTEM

摘要

FIELD: manufacture of building materials.;SUBSTANCE: polystyrene-concrete contains 49-73.5% mineral binder, 1.2-12% foamed polystyrene filler, 0.75-1.50% complex additive, and water - the balance. Filler has density 5 to 20 kg/m³ and following fraction composition, wt %: 5-10 mm 2-10, 2.5-5 mm 85-90, 1.25-2.5 mm 4-6, 0-1.25 mm 1-2. Mineral binder includes cement, mineral-polymer additive with 4.0-10% polymer, and finely ground slag. Complex additive combines various air-entraining plasticizing additives and hardener. Polystyrene-concrete products are fabricated by expanding foamed polystyrene filler at 60-105^оС and feeding it into concrete mixer, wherein it is wetted with 1/3-1/4 parts of water and stirred, mixed with other components of the mix fed into concrete mixer, and further stirred to give mix, which is distributed in molds, subjected to vibrational compaction, and allowed to harden under pressure at least 0.03 MPa and normal conditions. Product is then undergoes live steam-mediated heat treatment or electrical heating according to specified regime involving different thermal molds. Stripping of formwork is accomplished when strength of concrete reaches 0.2 MPa. Utilized filler is additionally treated with adhesive in presence of oligomers and, after expansion, it is subjected to thermodifussional treatment. When being prepared, mix is heated in presence of detoxicant. Water is used at temperature up to 70^оС and a part of it is heating steam condensate formed during preparation of filler. Mechanical calibration of articles envisages deviation of overall dimensions not more that 1-2 mm. Solid monolith up to 10 m³ in volume is cut using different ways. Resulting wastes and substandard products are used as mineral-polymer additive. A variety of types of products may be obtained. In a method of erecting heat-effective protecting structures of buildings (outside walls, coatings, ceilings, crossbars), cast-in-place concrete is placed or pieces fabricated from this concrete are used. In the former case, polystyrene-concrete is placed with the aid of reinforcing grids. In order to form over-opening beams, reinforcing cage and, for anchoring facing layers, reinforcing wire deployment are employed. Wire is passed through holes in case and is attached to horizontal rods located in monolith. Pieces are laid on adhesive. To perform above anchoring, steel collars or wire gauzes are placed in horizontal masonry seams. After mounting on adhesive, wall blocks form differently-shaped channels and case form vertical hollows. Channels and hollows are reinforced and filled with concrete forming reinforced concrete framework.;EFFECT: enabled manufacture of environmentally acceptable polystyrene-concrete with improved properties.;40 cl, 8 tbl