According to various embodiments, the present teachings relate to Generalized Transverse Bragg Waveguides (GTBW) that can include an a dielectric core having an index of refraction n1 and an optical axis. The optical waveguide can further include a media having an index of refraction n2 bounding a top surface and a bottom surface of the dielectric core, wherein n2n1. The optical waveguide can also include a first dielectric cladding bounding a first side of the dielectric core, wherein the first dielectric cladding has a first periodic spatially varying index of refraction, and a second dielectric cladding bounding a second side of the dielectric core, wherein the second dielectric cladding has a second periodic spatially varying index of refraction. The direction of the first periodic spatially varying index of refraction and the direction of the second periodic spatially varying index of refraction can be at an angle other than normal or parallel to the optical axis.
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