The invention relates inter alia to a variable diaphragm (40) for an illumination device (35) and/or for an observation device within an optical observation appliance (10) for imaging an object (11) and/or a first image produced by an object, especially for a stereoscopic observation device. Said variable diaphragm (40) is provided for at least one beam path (30) of the observation device (35) and/or for a beam path (20) of the observation device. The invention is characterized in that the variable diaphragm (40) can at least be partially controlled in order to produce a defined illumination geometry. The variable diaphragm (40) is also adapted to utilize all polarization directions of the light of a light source. The invention also relates to an illumination device, an optical observation device and an optical observation appliance.
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