A river ecosystem protective block is provided to prevent the loss of a river bank by a water current by constructing on a cutting plane of a revetment quickly and easily and to protect a river and a river ecosystem by supplying a space suitable for inhabitation and spawning of fish in a river. The river ecosystem protective block contains a foundation concrete block(20), as a foundation structure for installing primary and secondary fishway blocks on a riverbed, put on the bottom of the water's edge formed on the bottom of a river bank and provided with projections(21) formed at regular intervals to set primary fishway blocks, and primary and secondary fishway blocks(100,200) installed on the foundation concrete block by turns. The primary fishway block contains a box type main body(110) provided with a groove(111) inserted to the projection of the foundation concrete block, a cover(120) composed of moving holes(112) formed on front, right and left walls and guide grooves(113) formed on the outside of the right and left walls, a horizontal portion(122) provided with many moving holes(121), and two leg portions(124) extended to two lower sides of the horizontal portion and provided with moving holes(123) connected with the moving holes of the main body and inserted to a space of the main body to form a vegetation space on the lower part, and press ripraps piled on the cover to press the cover not to be floated, and the primary fishway block is put on the projection and fixed by an anchor(300). The secondary fishway block contains a horizontal portion(210) planted with water plants and inserted to the guide grooves of the primary fishway block, and a leg(220) formed to the center of the base of the horizontal portion, supported to the top of the foundation concrete block and provided with a moving hole.
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