A pharmaceutical composition comprising cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-angiopoietin-1 is provided to be used for treating the damage of endothelial cells and kidney fibrosis by protecting kidney endothelial cells. A pharmaceutical composition for treating unilateral ureteral obstruction comprises cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-angiopoietin-1. The composition is an oral formulation such as tablet, pill, powder, granule, syrup, liquid, suspension, emulsion and capsule or a non-oral formulation such as injection, transrectal formulation and transdermal formulation.
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