Detection and identification procedure that allows to discriminate M. bovis BCG and M. bovis from M. tuberculosis in a biological sample, which includes the following steps: a) isolate the DNA from the biological sample to be analyzed or obtain a cDNA to starting from the RNA of the biological sample, b) detecting the DNA sequences of the mycobacterium present in said biological sample, c) comparing said sequences with the nucleotide sequences absent from the genomes of M. bovis BCG and M. bovis and present in the M. tuberculosis genome selected from the ORFs and the following genes: Rv2346c, Rv2347c, Rv2348c, plcC, plcB, plcA, Rv2352c, Rv2353c, Rv3425, Rv3426, Rv3427c, Rv3428c, Rv1964, Rv19v, mce1967, mce196, mce Rv1969, IprM, Rv1971, Rv1972, Rv1973, Rv1974, Rv1975, Rv1976c, Rv1977, ephA, Rv3618, Rv3619c, Rv3620c, Rv3621c, Rv3622c, lpqG, cobL, Rv2073c, Rvc74 Table 1, d) compare these sequences with the sequences Nucleotide agents present in the genomes of M. bovis BCG and M. bovis and absent from the M. tuberculosis genome selected from the ORF and the following genes: RvD1-ORF1, RvD1-ORF2, RvD1-Rv2024c, RvD2-plcD, RvD2-ORF1, RvD2-ORF2, RvD2-ORF3, RvD2-Rv1758, having been the nucleotide sequence of RvD1 deposited with No. Y18605 and having been the nucleotide sequence of RvD2 deposited with No. Y18606 in the EMBL database.
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