RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ON DAMAGED TECHNOGENIC TERRITORIES OF EUROPEAN NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA

摘要

FIELD: agricultural industry.;SUBSTANCE: complex restoration technology of forest ecosystems on damaged technogenic territories of the European north-east includes substrate preparation, and planting of trees and bushes taken with rootball from natural soft- and hard woods. Substrate preparation includes smoothing of area being restored, overall application of organic fertiliser for example peat in quantity of 25-35 t/ha or biologically active compost in quantity of 2-5 t/ha and complex mineral fertiliser in quantity of 3-3.5 centners per a hectare. Trees and bushes are planted together with a mixture of local soil-fixing grass seeds chosen from 1-6 types in quantity of 10-20 kg/ha. During spring period after the grasses have been sown or when they are being sown there applied to the soil surface are mineral fertilisers in quantity of 60 kg/ha. In addition 3-10-year old plants are used as trees and bushes. When setting the plants, they shall be placed in groups and arranged in rows at a distance of 2.5-3 m, and the distance between them is 1.5-2.0 m. For planting on loamy substrates there used is Norway spruce, white birch, drooping birch; on sandy and sandy-loam substrates used is Scotch pine, Siberian larch, as well as near-forest species, for example wild ash or wild rose; for fixing slopes there used is osier, and the following grass types are used as soil-fixing grasses: meadow grass, meadow foxtail, red fescue, arundinaceous foxtail, arundinaceous ribbon grass, timothy grass, and English bluegrass. The ecosystem being restored is looked after for three years by applying complex mineral fertiliser in quantity of 1.5-2.0 centners per a hectare every year. When more than 25% of the number of the planted trees and bushes has died there shall be planted an additional number of plants, at that after recultivation has been completed there shall be formed as follows: a forest community close to the areal type with the appropriate soil and soil biocomplex by means of perennial grasses dying every year and providing considerable amount of mortmass, fast restoration of soil, zoo-microbial soil complex, and a tree tier. The application of the above technology allows restoring the main ecosystem components - vegetation, soil and zoo-microbial soil complex - within a short period of time, eliminating the initial phase of progressive succession, which is the most long-duration phase, and speeding-up the second phase - a grass phase, and the third phase - phase of parvifoliate trees and bushes.;EFFECT: preventing wind and water erosion.