Provided are a twinned structure of rod-shaped zinc oxide crystals which comprises zinc oxide nanoparticles bonded to each other, a film of twinned structures, and a process for producing a film of twinned structures. The twinned structure of rod-shaped zinc oxide crystals was developed using an aqueous-solution process. The twinned structure comprises two rod-shaped crystals comprising zinc oxide, the crystals having been connected in the lengthwise direction. The film is an aggregate of rod-shaped crystals and hence has a plurality of recesses, protrusions, and interstices. Although immobilization is an obstacle to applications of dispersed particles to devices, this film, which is composed of connected rod-shaped crystals, has overcome drawbacks of microparticles, i.e., low handleability, scattering properties, and health damage, on the basis of the connected structure.
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