The invention relates to a method for diagnosis of and following in vitro of the condition of the vaginal flora with regard to the presence of a bacterial vaginosis and where necessary following the therapeutic treatment thereof, characterised in that the presence of a bacterial vaginosis or failure of the current therapeutic treatment is determined when the concentrations of specific sequences present in a single copy of the DNA of the bacteria Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis, in the DNA extract of the vaginal secretion of a patient are such that at least the following two conditions a) and b) are met: a) the concentration Ca of said DNA fragment from Atopobium vaginae is greater than or equal to 108 copies/ml and b) the concentration Cg in said DNA fragment from Gardnerella vaginalis is greater than or equal to 109 copies/ml.
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