The present invention relates to a bithiophene or thiophene containing bipyridyl ligands namely 4,4"-di-2-alkyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl-2,2"-bipyridine and 4,4"-(5-alkylthiophene-2-yl)-2,2"-bipyridine of the following structural formula (I) and (II), and methods for preparing and using the same.
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