Pre-refining and hydroconversion in fixed-bed of a heavy crude oil of hydrocarbons, comprises removing metals in hydrodemetallation section, hydrocracking at least part of the effluent, and fractionating a portion of the effluent

摘要

Pre-refining and hydroconversion in fixed-bed of a heavy crude oil of hydrocarbons containing at least 0.5 wt.% of asphaltenes, and more than 10 ppm weight of metal for producing a pre-refined synthetic crude, comprises: removing metals in a hydrodemetallation section including at least two permutable reactors; hydrocracking at least part of effluent at least partly demetallized in a hydrocracking section; fractionating at least one part of effluent in hydrocracked part and optionally hydrodesulfurized to obtain a light- and heavy- fraction; deasphalting heavy fraction; and recycling. Method of pre-refining and hydroconversion in fixed-bed of a heavy crude oil of hydrocarbons containing at least 0.5 wt.% of asphaltenes, and more than 10 ppm weight of metal for the production of a pre-refined synthetic crude, comprises: removing metals of the charge in a section of hydrodemetallation including at least two permutable reactors containing each one a catalyst of hydrodemetallation, where the reactors are placed in series to be used in a cyclic way consisting of the successive repetition of steps (b) and (c): (a) a step, in which the reactors are used all together for one length of time with most equal at the time, of desactivation and/or filling of the one of them, (b) a step during which at least one of reactors is shorted-circuit and the catalyst that it contains is regenerated and/or replaced by fresh or regenerated catalyst and during which the other permutable reactors are used, and (c) a step during which the reactors are used all together, the permutable reactor whose catalyst is regenerated and/or replaced during the preceding step being reconnected in a manner to downstream from the whole of the other permutable reactors, and the step being continued for one length of time with most equal at the time of desactivation and/or filling of one of the permutable reactors; hydrocracking at least part of the effluent at least partly demetallized in a section of hydrocracking containing at least a hydrocracking catalyst; optionally, at least one hydrodesulfurizing at least one portion of the effluent at least in hydrocracked part in a section of hydrodesulfurization containing at least a hydrodesulfurization catalyst; fractionating at least one portion of the effluent at least in hydrocracked part and optionally at least one hydrodesulfurized to obtain a light fraction and at least a heavy fraction; deasphalting the heavy fraction having a step of fractionation by a hydrocarbon solvent to obtain a de-asphalted fraction and a fraction rich in asphaltenes; and recycling at least portion of de-asphalted fraction at the step of hydrodemetallation, hydrocracking and/or hydrodesulfurization.