The present invention relates to a device for determining or studying the state of stimulation of the natural defenses of plants or plant portions, which plants advantageously belong to the Rosaceae family. The corresponding device includes means for determining the expression level, in a sample of plants or plant portions, of at least one target gene in each of the following groups (a) to (i):;(a) PR-1, PR-2, PR-4 PR-5, PR-8, PR-14, PR-15; (b) PAL, CHS, DFR, ANS, PPO; (c) HMGR, FPPS, Far; (d) CSL; (e) APOX, GST, POX; (f) CalS, Pect, CAD; (g EDS1, WRKY; (h) LOX2, JAR; and (i) ACCO, EIN3. Said device preferably consists of a kit which contains a determination means in the form of pairs of primers, for implementing a quantitative PCR technique.
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