GASIFICATION METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GASES BY PARTIAL OXIDATION OF FUELS CONTAINING ASH AT ELEVATED PRESSURE AND WITH QUENCH-COOLING OF THE CRUDE GAS

摘要

A method for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar and at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900 degrees. The method which includes the principle process steps of pneumatic metering of pulverized fuel, gasification reaction in a reactor with cooled reactor chamber contour, quencher cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation, includes the specific steps of: feeding a pulverized fuel with a water content of 10 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.%, and a grain size of 200 µm, preferably 100 µm, to a pneumatic metering system, the pulverized fuel from a bunker (1.1) reaching at least one pressurized sluice (1.2) and being subjected to a condensate-free gas at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar, and being fed to a metering tank (1.3) into the bottom of which is fed an inert gas (1.8), so that a fluidized bed with a density of 350 to 420 kg/m3 is formed, feeding fluidited pulverized fuel through a transport pipe (1.4) to a burner of the reactor (2), subjecting the fuel together with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, to partial oxidation in a reaction chamber (2.3) of the reactor with cooling shield (2.4), with the ash of the fuel being melted and transferred together with the hot gasification gas through a discharge device (2.5) of the reactor into a quenching chamber (3.1) of a quenching cooler (3), quenching the gasification gas and ash at a temperature between 180 and 260 °C, and in the quenching cooler, and subjecting the quenched steam-saturated crude gas to a crude gas scrubber (4) or to a mechanical dust separator to cleanse it of entrained fines.