According to the present invention, a graphene-carbon nanotube composite is prepared by the following steps: adding graphene and a metal catalyst to a solvent to prepare a catalyst precursor solution; spraying the catalyst precursor solution at a reaction furnace using an aerosol generator; and synthesizing a graphene-carbon nanotube composite through pyrolysis while the sprayed aerosol goes through the reaction furnace. The ratio of graphene and carbon nanotubes in the graphene-carbon nanotube composite of the present invention is 2:1 to 1:5 by weight. According to the present invention, the graphene-carbon nanotube composite forms a three-dimensional network of graphene and carbon nanotubes, has a specific surface area of 300-2,000 m2/g, and has excellent electrical conductivity.
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