TECHNIQUE AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATED CONTROL OVER CROPS PRODUCTIONAL PROCESS WITH REGARD FOR SELF-ORGANISATION

摘要

FIELD: agriculture.;SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to the field of agriculture. The method includes calculated or instrumental determination of exergy values of plant radiation parameters. In a complex multi-factor system "plant - environmental factors - control factors" they select an order variable from a large number of variables, and this variable is the most quickly varying and most intensely acting at processes in the system, also control parameters are selected, with the help of which it is possible to influence productional processes of plants. At the same time the order variable is inflow of optical radiation exergy to plant in respect to plant photosynthesis. The control parameters are temperature, air moisture, soil moisture, concentration of mineral elements of root nutrition. For arid southern zones of agriculture with excess of solar optical radiation and lack of moisture, the order variable selected is soil moisture - exergy of soil water potential. For northern cold areas of agriculture the order variable is ambient air temperature - exergy of temperature potential, and total exergy of optical radiation in respect to plant photosynthesis for these areas of agriculture is included into the number of control parameters. The device comprises a comparator, a timer, a memory unit, a sensor of solar radiation exergy, an ambient temperature sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil moisture sensor. The control logical switchboard has five control switches. At the same time inputs of control switches are connected to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of the control logical switchboard. The sensor of optical radiation exergy capacity is connected to the fifth input of the control logical switchboard. The unit designed for functioning under conditions of arid southern areas of agriculture with excess of solar optical radiation additionally contains a unit for calculation of soil water potential exergy, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator. The unit designed for functioning under conditions of northern cold areas additionally contains a unit for calculation of temperature potential exergy, at the same time the output of the unit for calculation of temperature potential exergy is connected to the second input of the memory unit.;EFFECT: inventions make it possible to increase productivity of plants and to increase energy efficiency of crop sector.;2 dwg