Disclosed in the present invention is an ecological risk determining method for heavy metal pollution in river and lake sediments belonging to the field of determining methods for ecological risks. The method comprises the steps: (1) the concentration level of heavy metal pollutants at different points and positions of water body sediments is determined; (2) statistic analysis is conducted on the distribution characteristics of concentration data of various heavy metal pollutants in the water body sediments; (3) an ecological risk index of a certain heavy metal pollutant is calculated with a formula; (4) a final result of the formula (please find the formula in description) is calculated; (5) a value distribution curve of the formula (please find the formula in description) is drawn; (6) a general ecological risk comprehensive index HRI caused by various heavy metal pollutants in a water body is calculated and evaluated, and a cumulative probability distribution curve of a HRI value is drawn; and (7) the probability that the general ecological risk comprehensive index HRI of the water body appears at different risk levels is analyzed with reference to the risk level classification standard. The present invention is suitable for judging the pollution level of heavy metals in the river and lake sediments and identifying the potential ecological risks, and can serve water body pollution control and water ecological management.
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