1. The method of determining the components of a fluid heterogeneous sample, comprising obtaining a sample of a substance; measuring the attenuation values of the sample in the mid-infrared range and calculating in the data processing unit an indicator of the component of interest in the sample from the measured attenuation values in the mid-infrared range, characterized in that the method further includes the flow of the sample; simultaneous interaction of radiation in the mid-infrared range with a fluid sample in the measurement region and subsequent measurement of attenuation values in the middle infrared range for one or more wavelength ranges of interacting radiation passing through the sample. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of measuring the attenuation values for one or more wave ranges includes performing a series of measurements of the attenuation values for the same or several wave ranges, wherein the sample flows at a flow rate selected so that, at least a portion of the sample in the measurement area is replaced for each of a number of measurements. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sample is a liquid sample. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the fluid liquid sample is milk. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the method includes the step of heating the sample before measurement. The mid-infrared attenuation system 2 for quantitative determination of the index of one or more components of interest in a heterogeneous fluid, the system 2 comprising a flow tube 4 containing a first end 6 for insertion into the image
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