Passive technology for long-term reactor cooling

摘要

In the pressurized water reactor PWR, the emergency core cooling ECC discharges water from the water mass into the pressure vessel through the injection line, thereby responding to pressure reduction due to the vessel penetration portion breakage at the top of the pressure vessel. In order to suppress the flow of liquid water from the pressure vessel to the outside of the vessel penetration break, the barrier is activated simultaneously with the ECC. The barrier is: 1. an injection line extension through the central riser to drain water into the central riser; An opening in the lower part of the central riser for diverting some upflow from the central riser into the lower part of the downcomer annulus, the pressurizer volume at the top of the three pressure vessel, and the rest of the pressure vessel One or more of a surge line configured to provide fluid communication therebetween and configured to direct water outward toward the downcomer annulus may be provided.