Thrombosis resistant mechanical prosthetic heart valve is technical medical equipment. Thromboembolic is one of the most important complications of the available mechanical valves which may appear as a clot formation on the valve, its dysfunction, severe insufficiency or stenosis, and systemic emboli (mainly cerebral). Thus, these patients have to use anticoagulants especially Warfarin during their lifetime. INR (International Normalized Ratio) differs in these patients and it should be considered in taking medicine. However, it is not easy considering severe food and medicinal interferences in decreasing or increasing of effects of warfarin, unpredictability of its effect from one person to another and even in different times in one person, and severe variation of INR. Also, increase of INR may lead to hemorrhage of different parts of body including that of gastrointestinal system and brain. Additionally, non-therapeutic INR may lead to provide conditions for thromboembolic complications and patient's life is threatened in both cases. Therefore, continuous changes of INR serves as the strongest independent predictor of less survival rate in patients with mechanical heart valve. Using Nano technology, properties of Nano-materials and developing a Nano-pattern cover with Nanowires of Silicon dioxide (SiO2) or Zink oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2), this plan tries to create superhydrophobia as well as electrical and mechanical barriers in the outermost layer of all surfaces of the valve being in contact with blood circulation and prevent from accumulation of blood cells (platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells) and proteins (fibrin strands) and thrombosis. In this way, thromboembolic events and colonization of bacteria on the prosthetic valve and infection of the prosthesis are prevented and it is not required to consume anticoagulants such as Warfarin.
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