The present invention provides a method for continuously culturing photosynthetic microorganisms by using an upflow reactor and a method for producing fatty acid by using the same. The method for continuously culturing photosynthetic microorganisms by using an upflow reactor includes the steps of: preparing the upflow reactor; inoculating a medium, including Sistroms medium as a carbon source, lactate as a carbon source, and ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, with Rhodobactor sphaeroides; culturing the culture product while increasing the lactate in a semi-aerobic or anaerobic condition in the presence of light; and adding calcium which increases cohesive force of bacteria bodies in the culturing step. According to the method for continuously culturing photosynthetic microorganisms by using an upflow reactor, a dehydration process can be performed in an easy manner as the bacterial bodies become granules. Therefore, fatty acid productivity of bacteria can be significantly increased.
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