Prophylactic and therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis which is free from side effects and capable of normalizing the immunological abnormality of rheumatoid arthritis. A prophylactic or therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis, which contains a substance derived from Euglena as an active ingredient. Is used as an antirheumatic drug that controls the activity of rheumatoid arthritis by improving immune abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used for living organisms not undergoing definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. It is administered continuously to the living body until a certain time after the definite diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is confirmed. The Euglena-derived material is a water-soluble amorphous para-milon which has been subjected to an alkali treatment and a neutralization treatment of the Euglena, the Euglena-derived para-milon, and the para-milon, and the para-milon aqueous solution is jetted from the pore nozzle at an ultra- And an emulsion para-milon which has been subjected to a treatment for imparting heat resistance to the substrate.
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