The present invention relates to a maintenance and cleaning method according to operating pressure for controlling membrane fouling in a membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process. The maintenance and cleaning method of an MBR process comprises: (a) a step of setting a transmembrane pressure (TMP) upsurge zone of a separation membrane; and (b) a step of cleaning the separation membrane if a TMP of the separation membrane is within the set TMP upsurge zone. According to the present invention, as the separation membrane is cleaned depending on the degree of contamination at each step according to the zone in which the TMP of the separation membrane used in the MBR process rapidly increases, thereby facilitating efficient cleaning of the separation membrane and improving the recovery rate.
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