The present invention relates to a marine contaminant sediment treatment system. According to the present invention, the marine contaminant sediment treatment system includes: a magnetic separator for separating magnetic particles from dredged soil under the sea; a sedimentation tank which aggregates and sediments the dredged soil by adding flocculants to the dredged soil classified as non-magnetic particles in the magnetic separator; a multi-stage particle-size separation unit including multiple particle-size separators which sequentially separate the dredged soil precipitated in a sedimentation tank by the particle size and separate the fine sediment of a predetermined particle size or less therefrom; an oxidation treatment tank storing water and the fine sediment separated in the multi-stage particle-size separation unit; an oxidation processing unit which causes the cavitation effect of the fine bubbles, oxidize organic substances, and separates heavy metal from the organic substance by putting iron ions and ozone therein and generating OH radicals; and a heavy metal discharge tank which discharges the heavy metal from the fine sediment put in from the oxidation processing unit.
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