METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRIMARY ALIPHATIC NITRAMINES

摘要

FIELD: chemistry.;SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemistry of organic nitro-compounds, specifically to a method for producing primary aliphatic nitramines of a general formula of RNHNO₂, where R=CH₃, CH₃CH₂, CH₃(CH₂)₂, CH₃(CH₂)₄, cyclohexyl, O₂NNH(CH₂)₂, O₂NNH(CH₂)₃, H₂NC(O)O(CH₂)₂, 2-nitroaminocyclohexane-1-yl, which may be used as low-sensitivity energetic compounds or semi-products therefor, as well as for manufacture of plasticisers. The method comprises nitration of the respective N,N'-dialkyloxamides or esters of N-alkylcarbamic acid by a nitrating agent and treatment of the resulting intermediate nitrocompound with ammonia. Nitrogen oxide (V) is used as a nitrating agent, the reaction is carried out in a lower fluorohydrocarbon medium at a pressure of 6-45 bar, temperature of 5-20°C, and molar ratio of initial compound and nitration agent of 1:(1.1-2.2), with no intermediate nitrocompound separation. 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane is used as a lower fluorohydrocarbon compound.;EFFECT: method for producing primary aliphatic nitramines, reduced number of process stages, reduced process duration, improved fire- and explosion safety, increased target product yield.;2 cl, 14 ex