Anisotropic parameter estimation from walkway vsp data using differential evolution

摘要

In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to generate a parent population, wherein each member of the parent population includes a set of model parameters describing a layer model of the geological formation; to execute a perturbation algorithm to generate subsequent child populations, from the parent population, until a termination criterion is met; to provide a plurality of solutions based on at least one member of the parent population and on at least one member of each child population; and to control a drilling operation based on a revised layer model that has been generated based on a selected one of the plurality of solutions. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.