A low surface temperature (LST) heating apparatus

摘要

A low surface temperature or LST heater comprises a heat source 1, cover 5 and multiple upwardly extending conduits (9, Fig. 2) in front of, and spaced apart from, the heat source 1. The conduits are heated by the heat source 1 so that a convection current is formed by cold air drawn in through inlets (13, Fig. 2) at the lower end of the conduits, heated by the conduits and released by outlets (11, Fig. 2) at the upper end of the conduits. The heat source may be a thermal mass comprising an electrical heating element embedded in a baked kiln clay core (525, Fig. 11). The size, number and spacing of the conduits (9, Fig. 2) may be selected so that the temperature of the front of the cover 5 is below a predetermined threshold temperature and the heated air from the outlets (11, Fig. 2) may blend with heated air released through the top of the heat source 1. The cover 5 may be formed from more than one detachable modular element 7.