A low-voltage exit detector comprises a low-voltage detector and a voltage rise detector for detecting a change from a low-voltage condition of a watched voltage to a non-low-voltage condition of the watched voltage. An error detector for detecting storage errors comprises: a low-voltage exit detector as described above, first and second loaders for loading an load-ing information into first and second storage elements, wherein the loading information is coded using first and second coding schemes; first and second retrievers for retrieving stored information stored in the first and the second storage elements and decoding this information; and a second comparator for comparing a combination of a first retrieved information retrieved using the first retriever and a second retrieved information retrieved using the second retriever to each pattern of a set of valid patterns and for generating a match-mismatch signal indicating a result of this comparison. Further, the invention relates to a low-voltage safe controller comprising an error de-tector as described above and an application unit, to a brown-out detection method, and to a brown-out self-healing method.
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