Aspects of the embodiments are directed to computationally modeling a filtered temporal spike train trace in the digital domain. A current value of the trace, and a parameter defining temporal behavior of the trace, are each stored. A decay function of the trace is computed based on the parameter and on passage of discrete time increments. Stimulus signaling is received, and an input response function of the trace is computed based on the stimulus signaling. A stochastic computation of the trace decay function may be performed based on a generated randomization value. In some embodiments, a delayed computation of the trace decay function may be performed.
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