The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region. The system comprises a reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer, a vacuum-pumping apparatus, a brine preheating apparatus and a brine cooling apparatus, which concentrates the brine by quick-evaporation of the water, promotes lithium carbonate to form non-uniform nucleus, and improves the crystallization efficiency.
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