Several different point mutations in ntrk1, ntrk2, and ntrk3 have been identified in biopsy samples from individuals with several different cancers. Methods for treating an individual with cancer are offered in this invention, methods for selecting a treatment including a therapeutically effective amount of a trk inhibitor for an individual, methods for determining the likelihood that an individual with cancer will respond positively to treatment with a trk inhibitor, methods for predicting the effectiveness of a trk inhibitor in an individual with cancer, methods for determining an individual's risk of developing cancer, and methods for assisting in diagnosing cancer that are based on identifying an individual. having a cell having at least one of the ntrk1, ntrk2, and / or ntrk3 point mutations, or determining that an individual has a cell having at least one ntrk1, ntrk2, and / or ntrk3 point mutation. Kits are also offered that allow detection of at least one of the point mutations in ntrk1, ntrk2, and / or ntrk3.
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