To provide a carbon fiber-reinforced resin composition having excellent interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and a matrix resin and having excellent mechanical properties. The carbon fiber-reinforced resin composition of the present invention includes: sizing agent-coated carbon fibers in which carbon fibers are coated with a sizing agent; and a matrix resin. The sizing agent includes at least an aliphatic epoxy compound (A) and an aromatic epoxy compound (B1) as an aromatic compound (B). The sizing agent-coated carbon fibers have a ratio (a)/(b) of 0.50 to 0.90 where (a) is the height (cps) of a component having a binding energy (284.6 eV) attributed to CHx, C-C, and C=C and (b) is the height (cps) of a component having binding energy (286.1 eV) attributed to CO in a C 1s core spectrum of the surface of the sizing agent measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a photoelectron takeoff angle of 15°.
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