Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly by substitution using a dynamic electric field

摘要

An apparatus, method, process, and system for the treatment of a water stream are provided in which an alternating voltage is applied to a pair of electrodes (50) to generate an electric field with such electric field applied across a water stream passing between the pair of electrodes (50). At least one of the pair of electrodes (50) comprises a magnesium metal, and one or more of a plurality of positively charged calcium ions in the water stream are substituted with one or more positively charged ions of the magnesium metal. Additionally, one or more of a plurality of negatively charged carbonate ions in the water stream may react with the one or more positively charged magnesium ions of the metal to form magnesium carbonate. One or more of any remaining of the plurality of positively charged calcium ions may reaction with another one or more of the plurality of negatively carbonate charged ions to form calcium carbonate. The apparatus, method and system may be used in downstream water equipment or processes to reduce or eliminate sealing caused by calcium carbonate precipitating from the water.