Provided are a fluorescent gold nanocluster with a surface modified by an oligoarginine and a preparation method for the fluorescent gold nanocluster. Also provided are a fluorescent gold nanocluster-based method for reactive oxygen species detection, a reagent kit comprising the fluorescent gold nanocluster, and an application of the fluorescent nanocluster and a combination product thereof. The fluorescent gold nanocluster has strong anti-photobleaching and anti-flickering properties and a good biocompatibility. The method for reactive oxygen species detection is easy to use and is characterized by mild reaction conditions including ambient temperature and pressure, an aqueous phase, and a near-neutral pH, thereby enhancing an application of the fluorescent gold nanocluster in the field of biology.
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