The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating metabolic diseases, containing a microRNA as an active ingredient. Particularly, a microRNA comprising miR-7, miR-18a or miR-18b specifically binds to a target site of LXRβ and down-regulates the expression amounts of the mRNA and the protein, thereby being usable in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, fatty liver, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, angina, or myocardial infarction.
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