The present invention relates to a biomarker composition for diagnosing or prognosticating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease comprising glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (Gnpat) or a gene encoding the Gnpat as an effective component. Since the Gnpat is a first enzyme that acts on biosynthesis of plasmalogens which are an important index factor in liver diseases, it was confirmed that when the expression level of Gnpat is low, the level of plasmalogens also decreases, thus exhibiting the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and confirming the possibility of Gnpat as a novel marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Accordingly, the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using the expression level of Gnpat and a gene expression promotor may be beneficially used as the effective component of a pharmaceutical composition for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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