METHOD FOR BUILDING VULNERABILITY MAPS OF COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS FROM OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS AND OTHER CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES BASED ON CALCULATIONS WITH METRIC VALUES

摘要

FIELD: ecology.;SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of ecological mapping and can be used to solve various environmental problems. Essence: determine the list of objects to be considered: important biota components (IBC) – ecological groups / subgroups / species of biota, especially significant objects (ESO) and nature reserves (NR). Define the boundaries of the seasons for the source data. Collect data on the distribution of biota from known published and/or unpublished databases, environmental monitoring materials, publications on the results of various studies, and also by sampling groups / subgroups / species of biota in the process of marine and coastal expedition work in different seasons or months. Collect expert assessments of specialists on the distribution of biota for areas poorly provided or not provided with data. Determine the number per unit area and/or biomass density of biota groups / subgroups / species, boundaries of habitats of important biotic components of the marine ecosystem from macrophytes to birds and marine mammals without taking into account phyto- and zooplankton. Collect cartographic information about the area being mapped from existing topographic and navigational charts, pilot charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, available GIS information. Enter the collected information into an electronic cartographic database (DB). Seasonal biota maps are constructed taking into account the seasonal patterns of distribution of selected ecological groups / subgroups / species of biota and their vulnerability to oil. Obtained seasonal maps of the biota distribution are normalized by dividing the values of the seasonal distribution of the biota components (groups / subgroups / species) by the abundance of the corresponding ecological group on average over the year in the area being mapped. Vulnerability factors for the group / subgroup / species of biota considered are calculated based on the sensitivity of the components to the effect of oil, their recoverability after exposure and the potential impact of oil on them. Biota vulnerability maps are constructed by "adding" the normalized maps of the distribution of important components of the biota taking into account their vulnerability factors. Normalize the obtained biota vulnerability maps. ESO and NR location maps are constructed for the given cartographic area. Assign, based on expert assessments, the values of priority protection for ESO and NR. ESO and NR vulnerability maps are constructed separately by "adding" the initial ESO and NR location maps, taking into account their vulnerability values. Normalize the obtained biota vulnerability maps. Define the boundaries of the seasons, for which integrated vulnerability maps will be calculated, taking into account the seasonal distribution of IBC, ESO and NR. Construct maps of the integral vulnerability. At the last stage of constructing maps of the integral vulnerability, the range of the values of the integral vulnerability is divided into 3–5 subranges, which are colored on the maps in different colors. Enter the information received during the construction of integrated vulnerability maps into the cartographic database. At the same time, the vulnerability factors of the group / subgroup / species of biota considered are calculated from the values of the sensitivity of the biota, its recoverability and the potential impact of the oil on it, which are estimated from the metric scale. Sensitivity values for pelagic biota are calculated taking into account the following parameters: the lethal concentration of oil or the lethal load of oil, which causes the death of 50 % of the biomass or the abundance of biota in the water for the groups / subgroups / species of biota that inhabit the water column; the maximum permissible concentration of oil in water, which does not affect the biota. Sensitivity values for a biota contacting mainly only or most of the time with the water surface, but not with its column, are calculated taking into account the following parameters: the lethal thickness of the oil film, which causes the death of 50 % of biota for the considered groups / subgroups / species of biota that lives mostly on the water surface, but not in its column; the limiting value of oil film thickness, which does not affect the biota.;EFFECT: technical result: increasing the accuracy of assessing the vulnerability of coastal and marine areas from oil and oil products.;1 cl