This detection method comprises the steps of: 1) for each detector, calculating (90) a total of the number of prompt gamma rays measured using only the readings of that detector; b1) establishing (94) at least one ratio of calculated totals and a deviation between this established ratio and a predicted value for this ratio and, only if this deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold, detecting a difference between a predicted position and an actual position of the Bragg peak of the hadron beam; and/or b2) establishing (96) a physical magnitude representative of the energy deposited inside the target from a plurality of calculated totals, and establishing a deviation between this established physical magnitude and a predicted value for this physical magnitude, then, only if this deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold, detecting a difference between a predicted deposited energy and the actual deposited energy.
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