To easily evaluate thermal loss when using various kinds of materials around a combustion chamber in a reciprocating type internal combustion engine.SOLUTION: Reciprocating movement of a piston body 20 is performed by a rapid compression/expansion device 100 via a rod 30 fixed to the piston body 20. A simulated combustion chamber R is formed in a left side of the piston body 20. Operation inside a simulated cylinder 10 of the piston body 20 is similar to that of an actual diesel engine. In a thermal loss evaluation device 1, a cylinder liner 41 is fitted to an inner surface of the simulated cylinder 10, and a piston head 42 is fitted to the piston body 20 in a detachable form. The plurality of cylinder liners 41 composed of various materials, and the piston head 42 are manufactured, and one of them is suitably selected and fitted, thus realizing a situation for simulating a case where the respective materials are used for the cylinder and the piston.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
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