The present invention provides an artificial exogenous reference molecule for type and abundance comparison among different species of microorganisms. The artificial exogenous reference molecule includes several species detection regions and several linker sequence regions, where the species detection regions and the linker sequence regions are arranged alternately; at least two species detection regions are provided and are species detection regions for different species; and the linker sequence regions are random sequences different from species sequences to be detected. The species detection region includes a primer sequence region and a specific recognition region; the sequence length of the specific recognition region simulates the characteristic detection sequence length of the corresponding species to be detected; and the sequence of the specific recognition region has obviously specific difference from the DNA sequence of a genome in the species to be detected without homology. The artificial exogenous reference molecule provided by the present invention may simultaneously contain universal primer sequence regions of two or more different microorganisms, also contains an artificially recognizable specific sequence, and is used for type and abundance comparison among different species of microorganisms.
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