Dual-homodyne laser interferometric nanometer displacement measuring apparatus and method based on phase modulation

摘要

The present invention discloses a dual-homodyne laser interferometric nanometer displacement measuring apparatus and method based on phase modulation. The linearly polarized beam with single wavelength emitted from a single frequency laser is projected onto a dual-homodyne laser interferometer consisting of four beam splitters and two retroreflectors to respectively form a measurement interference signal and a reference interference signal received by two photodetectors, respectively; an electro-optic phase modulator is placed in the optical path and a periodic sawtooth-wave voltage signal is applied to modulate the measurement and reference DC interference signals into AC interference signals; the measured displacement is obtained by detecting the variation of the phase difference between the two interference signals caused by the movement of the measured object. The present invention overcomes the error arising from DC drift in the homodyne laser interferometer and avoids the sinusoidal error caused by the direct subdivision of the interference signal or non-quadrature error of measurement interference signal. The present invention is applicable for the precision displacement measurement with sub-nanometer level accuracy in the fields of high-end equipment manufacturing and processing.