The present disclosure describes a biosensor, comprising: a substratecomprising one or moreelongated shanks for penetrating biological tissue, and a microfabricatedelectrode arrayproximate the distal end of one or more of the elongated shanks, wherein thearray comprises oneor more recording sites; and at least one aptamer affixed to one or more ofthe recording sites,wherein the at least one aptarner is selected to selectively react with one ormore chemicalcompounds. Methods of using the biosensor are also described.
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