Disclosed is a differential calibration method. The differential calibration method can be implemented by a binocular vision system (10). The binocular vision system (10) comprises a first camera (12) and a second camera (14). The differential calibration method comprises: (S1) acquiring in real-time an image brightness value of a first image and that of a second image of a same scene captured at the current moment correspondingly by the first camera (12) and by the second camera (14); (S2) calculating the image brightness difference between the first image and the second image; (S3) determining whether the image brightness difference is greater than a predetermined threshold; and, (S4) when the image brightness difference is greater than the predetermined threshold, updating an exposure parameter for the next moment of the first camera (12) and/or that of the second camera (14). Also disclosed are the binocular vision system (10) and the computer-readable storage medium.
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